AUC and C(max) were proportional to dose, and the mean accumulation index on day 7 after a single daily dose of avanafil was 0.98.\n\nConclusion: Avanafil was generally well tolerated and had linear pharmacokinetic properties at daily doses of 50 to 200 mg over 7 days in these healthy Korean male volunteers. Korean National Study Registration Number: 3466. (Clin Ther.2010;32:1178-1187) (C) 2010 Excerpta Medica Inc.”
“Ecological models that model species’ adaptation to changing environments may become increasingly important tools for ecologists and environmental

scientists faced with the challenges of our changing world. Individual-based models (IBMs) facilitate the modeling of individual diversity and adaptive behaviors. When organisms are modeled with structures Doramapimod chemical structure that provide inheritable parametric diversity, intergenerational BEZ235 cost adaptation

may also be simulated. These adaptive IBMs may be difficult to calibrate so as to be consistent with field data patterns. The pattern-oriented modeling (POM) calibration approach, whereby model outputs are compared to field data patterns at the end of each simulation, may be limited and computationally expensive under many circumstances. This research further explores an approach, denoted pattern-guided evolution (PGE), that uses field data patterns obtained from published research, to guide the evolution of model organisms within each model simulation. Our preliminary research showed that when demonstrated with an adaptive IBM of an old-field ecosystem, the approach yielded populations of virtual organisms with inheritable parametric diversity, which if well calibrated could potentially be used in future models for simulating adaptive change. However, the model produced in the preliminary studies only partially matched field data patterns, and

thus did not confirm the utility of the PGE approach for model calibration. This paper presents three main contributions. Firstly, the paper describes several important improvements to the original approach, which resulted in a model that matched the expected patterns well. Secondly, additional VX-809 manufacturer testing was performed to analyze the reusability of the model entities yielded by the approach. Combined, these two contributions confirm the utility of the PGE method for calibrating IBMs for simulating adaptive change. Finally, we estimate that the PGE approach is likely to be ten or more times less computationally costly than that of the conventional POM approach to IBM calibration. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a challenging problem both for the developed and underdeveloped countries. Despite numerous improvements in early diagnosis and treatment, the incidence and mortality is still keeping in a high level. Molecule targeted therapy has drawn much attention as next generation anticancer agents for diagnosis and therapeutic of CRC.

(c)

2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“The synthetic similar to 5 kDa ABP (amyloid-g binding peptide) consists of a region of the 228 kDa human pericentrioloar material-1 (PCM-1) protein that selectively and avidly binds in vitro A beta(1-42) oligomers, believed to be key co-drivers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but not monomers (Chakravarthy et al., (2013) [3]). ABP also prevents A beta(1-42) from triggering the apoptotic death of cultured human SHSY5Y neuroblasts, likely by sequestering A beta oligomers, suggesting DMXAA research buy that it might be a potential AD therapeutic. Here we support this possibility by showing that ABP also recognizes and binds A beta(1-42) aggregates in sections of cortices and hippocampi from brains of AD transgenic mice and human AD patients. More importantly, ABP targets A beta(1-42) aggregates when microinjected into the hippocampi of the brains of live AD transgenic mice. Crown Copyright (C) 2014 Published selleck screening library by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“The trail-following pheromone and sex pheromones were investigated in the Indomalayan termite Hodotermopsis sjoestedti

belonging to the new family Archotermopsidae.\n\nGas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after solid phase microextraction (SPME) of the sternal gland secretion of pseudergates and trail-following bioassays demonstrated that the trail-following pheromone of H. sjoestedti was syn-4,6-dimethylundecan-1-ol, a new chemical structure for termite buy SU5402 pheromones. GC-MS after SPME of the sternal gland secretion of alates also allowed the identification of sex-specific compounds. In female alates, the major sex-specific compound

was identified as (5E)-2,6,10-trimethylundeca-5,9-dienal, a compound previously identified as the female sex pheromone of the termite Zootermopsis nevadensis. In male alates, the major sex-specific compound was identified as syn-4,6-dimethylundecanal, a homolog of syn-4,6-dimethyldodecanal, which has previously been confirmed as the male sex pheromone of Z. nevadensis. The presence of sex-specific compounds in alates of H. sjoestedti strongly suggests for this termite the presence of sex-specific pairing pheromones which were only known until now in Z. nevadensis. Our results showed therefore a close chemical relationship between the pheromones of the taxa Hodotermopsis and Zootermopsis and, in contrast, a clear difference with the taxa Stolotermes and Porotermes, which is in total agreement with the recent creation of the families Archotermopsidae and Stolotermitidae as a substitute for the former family Termopsidae. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“In recent years, a considerable number of new sporadic or hereditary small artery diseases of the brain have been detected which preferably occur in younger age, below 45 years. Cerebral microangiopathies constitute an appreciable portion of all strokes.

(C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of infectious lower respiratory disease in infants and the elderly. As there is no vaccine for RSV, we developed selleck inhibitor a genetic vaccine approach that

induced protection of the entire respiratory tract from a single parenteral administration. The approach was based on adenovirus vectors derived from newly isolated nonhuman primate viruses with low seroprevalence. We show for the first time that a single intramuscular (IM) injection of the replication-deficient adenovirus vectors expressing the RSV fusion (F0) glycoprotein induced immune responses that protected both the lungs and noses of cotton rats and mice even at low doses and for several months postimmunization. The immune response included high titers of neutralizing antibody that were maintained bigger than = 24 weeks and RSV-specific CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells. The vectors were as potently immunogenic as a human adenovirus 5 vector in these two key respiratory pathogen animal models. Importantly, there was minimal alveolitis

and granulocytic infiltrates in the lung, and type 2 cytokines were not produced after RSV challenge even under conditions of partial protection. Overall, this genetic vaccine is highly effective without potentiating immunopathology, and the results support development of the vaccine candidate for 3-MA mw human testing.”
“To investigate the impact of baking conditions on staling kinetics and mechanical properties, pan breads were baked at 180 degrees C/34 mm and 220 degrees C/28.6 min using a ventilated oven and metallic moulds. After baking, bread slices were stored with and without crust at 15 degrees C in hermetic boxes for 9 days. This investigation provides a textural and physical analysis by examining the Young’s modulus, crumb density and crust/crumb ratio during storage. In order to understand the relationship between firmness and moisture content, a moisture profile and a Young’s modulus profile were determined during the

storage of bread. To fit the staling, a first order model was used. It was selleckchem found that the kinetics were faster for samples baked with a fast heating rate than for those baked with a slow heating rate. Moreover, the staling rate of bread stored with crust was faster than for bread without crust and the outer crust area staled more rapidly than the centre of the bread slice. These results suggest that the firming of the crumb is related to moisture distribution between the crumb and crust and to the impact of local baking conditions on local firmness. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Purpose: To report the second case of amenorrhea related to endometrial compaction apoptosis syndrome.

Lens refractive power was measured with a custom optical system based on the Scheiner principle. FGFR inhibitor The refractive contributions of the gradient, the surfaces, and the equivalent refractive index were calculated with optical ray-tracing software. The age dependence of the optical and biometric parameters was assessed.\n\nRESULTS. Over the measured age range isolated lens thickness decreased (baboon: -0.04, cyno:

-0.05, and rhesus: -0.06 mm/y) and equatorial diameter increased (logarithmically for the baboon and rhesus, and linearly for cyno: 0.07 mm/y). The isolated lens surfaces flattened and the corresponding refractive power from the surfaces decreased with age (-0.33, -0.48, and -0.68 D/y). The isolated lens equivalent refractive index decreased (only significant for the baboon, -0.001 D/y), and as a result the total isolated lens refractive power decreased with age (baboon: -1.26, cyno: -0.97, and rhesus: -1.76 D/y).\n\nCONCLUSIONS. The age-dependent trends in the optical and biometric properties, growth, and aging, of nonhuman primate lenses are similar to those of the pre-presbyopic check details human lens. As the lens ages, the decrease in refractive contributions from the gradient refractive index causes a rapid age-dependent decrease in maximally accommodated lens refractive

power. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010; 51: 2118-2125) DOI:10.1167/iovs.09-3905″
“Background: Development of anticancer drugs is challenging. Indeed, much research effort has been spent in the development of new drugs to improve clinical outcomes with minimal toxicity.

We have previously reported that a formulation of lipid gold porphyrin nanoparticles reduced systemic drug toxicity when compared with free gold porphyrin. In this study, we investigated the delivery VEGFR inhibitor and treatment efficiency of PEG surface-modified lipid nanoparticles as a carrier platform.\n\nMethods: We encapsulated antitumor drugs into PEG-modified lipid nanoparticles and these were characterized by size, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency. The delivery efficiency into tumor tissue was evaluated using a biodistribution study. To evaluate antitumor efficacy, gold porphyrin or camptothecin (a DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor) were encapsulated and compared using an in vivo neuroblastoma (N2A) model.\n\nResults: We showed that drug encapsulation into PEG-modified lipid nanoparticles enhanced the preferential uptake in tumor tissue. Furthermore, higher tumor killing efficiency was observed in response to treatment with PEG-modified lipid nanoparticles encapsulating gold porphyrin or camptothecin when compared with free gold porphyrin or free camptothecin. The in vivo antitumor effect was further confirmed by study of tumor inhibition and positive apoptosis activity.

“
“The main goal of our study was to evaluate possible perioperative risk factors for Occurrence of atrial fibrillation

in the postoperative GW3965 clinical trial period in patients after CABG operations. The study included 140 patients after CABG, divided into two groups – Group I – 64 patients with new onset of POAF and Group 11 – 76 patients without postoperative atrial fibrillation occurrence. In both groups possible risk factors for atrial fibrillation onset (preoperative and postoperative) were analyzed. Results showed that we can predict new onset of atrial fibrillation after CABG if the following preoperative factors are present – low ejection fraction (less than 40%), I-Ad > 40mm, higher body mass index (BMI over 30), presence Quizartinib price of COPD and older age. Important perioperative factors for onset of atrial fibrillation in our study were

longer extracorporeal circulation, increased dose/number of inotropic drugs, blood transfusion and elevated WBC count Postoperatively.”
“The flow of a viscous incompressible fluid between two parallel plates due to the normal motion of the porous upper plate is investigated and an analysis is made to determine the heat and mass transfer. The unsteady Navier-Stokes equations are reduced to a generalization of the Proudman-Johnson equation retaining the effect of wall motion using a suitable similarity transformation. The analytical solution for stream function and heat transfer characteristics are obtained by employing homotopy analysis method. The effects of various physical parameters like expansion ratio, Prandtl number, Reynolds number on various

LDK378 datasheet momentum and heat transfer characteristics are discussed in detail. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Objectives: Because of its prevalence and the consequences of its impact, depression is a significant health issue. It is strikingly widespread among patients referred to primary health care services. Inventories occupy an important place in the diagnosis of depression, a condition frequently seen among children and adolescents. In this context, the present study has aimed to examine whether the Turkish version of the CES-Depression Scale (The Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) can be used for children and adolescents. Methods: The study was conducted with 583 children and adolescents between the ages 8-15. Both classical and modern test theories were employed in the analysis of the items in the study. Item discrimination, item difficulty and the level of fit with the two-parameter model were used. Items 4,7 and 11 attracted attention with their low discrimination characteristics and low difficulty levels. Results: It was found that the internal consistency coefficient for the whole scale was 0.74 but ranged between 0.60 – 0.78 in different age groups.

Those with TBI had more severe cognitive disability on admission and more residual disability on discharge. This is important not only for patient and family expectation setting but also for resource and service planning, as discharge from inpatient rehabilitation is a critical milestone for reintegration into society for children with serious injury.”
“Background. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing

(CPET) is used to risk-stratify patients undergoing major elective surgery, with a poor exercise capacity being associated with an increased risk of complications and death. Patients with anaemia have a decreased exercise selleck chemicals llc capacity and an increased risk of morbidity and mortality after major surgery. Blood transfusion is often used to correct anaemia in the perioperative period but the effect of this intervention on exercise

capacity is not well described. We sought to measure the effect of blood transfusion on exercise capacity measured objectively with CPET. Methods. Patients with stable haematological conditions requiring blood transfusion underwent CPET before and 2-6 days after transfusion. Results. Twenty patients were enrolled and completed both pre- and post-transfusion tests. The mean (so) haemoglobin (Hb) concentration increased from 8.3 (1.2) to 11.2 (1.4) g dl(-1) after transfusion of a median (range) of 3 (1-4) units of packed red cells. The anaerobic threshold increased from a mean (SD) of 10.4 (2.4) to 11.6 (2.5) ml kg(-1) min(-1) (P=0.018), a mean difference of 1.2 ml kg(-1) min(-1) https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ly2835219.html (95% confidence interval (CI)=0.2-2.2). When corrected for the change in Hb concentration, the anaerobic threshold increased by a mean (so) of 0.39 (0.74) ml kg(-1) min(-1) per g dl(-1) Hb. Conclusions. Transfusion of allogeneic packed red cells in anaemic adults led to a significant increase in their capacity to exercise. This increase was seen in the selleck chemicals anaerobic

threshold, and other CPET variables.”
“Background & AimsTo determine the characteristics of hepatitis C (HCV)-infected patients in 2010 and compare this survey with those reported in 1995 and 2001. Patients and methodsObservational multicentre study conducted in 2010 in French internal medicine, infectious diseases and hepatology departments. ResultsA total of 1621 HCV infected patients (mean age 50.110.7years; sex ratio M/F 1.8; genotype 1: 55.7%) were included. Of these, 910 (56.1%) were HIV-HCV co-infected, 463 (40.4%) were asymptomatic and 184 (16.1%) had cirrhosis at inclusion in this study. Positive viraemia was found in 1,025 patients (65.5%) at inclusion in this study. A complete pretreatment evaluation including investigation for HCV RNA, genotype determination and liver fibrosis was performed in 96.5, 80.5 and 68.7% of the 1,621 patients respectively. Previous and ongoing HCV treatments were noted in 49.6% and 20.1% of patients respectively. A sustained virological response (SVR) was observed in 271/801 (38.3%) patients, i.e. 44.1% and 30.

They received the same prophylactic antibiotic according to their allotment, that is, either within 1 hour before skin incision or after skin incision as per current standards of practice in Mulago Hospital. They were followed Liproxstatin-1 up to detect infection up to 10 days postoperatively. The primary outcome was postoperative infection. The data collected were analysed with STATA version 12 using univariate and bivariate analysis. Results: The risk of overall postoperative infection was significantly lower when prophylaxis was given within

an hour before incision (RR O.77, 95% CI 0.62-0.97). We also found endometritis to be significantly reduced in the pre-incision group (RR 0.62; 95% CI 0.39-0.99; P value 0.036). Conclusions: Giving prophylactic antibiotics before skin incision reduces risk of postoperative infection, in particular of endometritis.”
“OBJECTIVE.

The purpose of our study was to compare the image quality of free-breathing ECG-gated nonenhanced steady-state free precession (SSFP) MR angiography of renal arteries at 1.5 T and 3 T.\n\nSUBJECTS AND METHODS. Twenty volunteers (11 men, nine women; mean age, 23.2 +/- 2.3 years) without a history of renovascular disease participated in the study. Nonenhanced SSFP MR angiography was performed on all subjects at both Galardin clinical trial 1.5 T and 3 T with a maximum interval of 2 weeks between the imaging sessions. The subjective image quality of axial and coronal maximum-intensity-projection reconstructions of four segments (1, abdominal aorta and ostium of renal Rabusertib artery; 2, main renal artery; 3, segmental branches outside renal parenchyma; 4, segmental

branches inside renal parenchyma) was evaluated independently by two radiologists using a 4-point scale (4, excellent; 1, nondiagnostic). Relative signal-to-noise ratio, contrast-to-noise ratio, and maximum visible vessel length of the right and left renal arteries also were determined.\n\nRESULTS. No significant difference in image quality at 1.5 T and 3 T was found for segments 1 and 2. The mean image quality for segments 3 and 4 was significantly greater at 3 T (3.88 +/- 0.32, 3.17 +/- 0.70) than at 1.5 T (3.32 +/- 0.73, 2.09 +/- 0.81) (p < 0.001). At 3 T, the maximal vessel length of the right (9.85 +/- 0.82 cm) and left (8.3 +/- 0.79 cm) renal arteries was significantly greater than at 1.5 T (8.94 +/- 1.38 cm and 7.58 +/- 1.18 cm, respectively).\n\nCONCLUSION. Performing nonenhanced SSFP MR angiography at 3 T significantly improves visualization of peripheral renal arterial segments in healthy subjects as compared to 1.5 T.”
“The information from radiologists was utilized in the proposed computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) for breast tumor classification. The ultrasound (US) database used in this study contained 166 benign and 78 malignant masses.

Diclofenac treatment ameliorated the elevated Delta www.selleckchem.com/products/gilteritinib-asp2215.html Psi(M) and its associated events to exert its chemopreventive action against early stages of colon cancer”
“Increasing resistance to every major class of antibiotics and a dearth of novel classes of antibacterial agents in development pipelines has created a dwindling reservoir of treatment options for serious bacterial infections. The bacterial type IIA topoisomerases, DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, are validated antibacterial drug

targets with multiple prospective drug binding sites, including the catalytic site targeted by the fluoroquinolone antibiotics. However, growing resistance to fluoroquinolones, frequently mediated by mutations in the drug-binding site, is increasingly limiting the utility of this antibiotic class, prompting the search for other inhibitor

classes that target different sites on the topoisomerase complexes. The highly conserved ATP-binding subunits of DNA gyrase (GyrB) and topoisomerase IV (ParE) have long been recognized as excellent candidates for the development of dual-targeting antibacterial agents with broad-spectrum potential. However, to date, no natural product or small molecule inhibitors find more targeting these sites have succeeded in the clinic, and no inhibitors of these enzymes have yet been reported with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity encompassing the majority of Gram-negative pathogens. Using structure-based drug design (SBDD), we have created a novel dual-targeting pyrimidoindole inhibitor series with exquisite potency against GyrB and ParE enzymes from a broad range of clinically important pathogens. Inhibitors from this series demonstrate potent, broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against Go-6983 Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens of clinical importance,

including fluoroquinolone resistant and multidrug resistant strains. Lead compounds have been discovered with clinical potential; they are well tolerated in animals, and efficacious in Gram-negative infection models.”
“Background: In last decade spores have been successfully used as a surface display platform. Various peptides or proteins were displayed this way as functional enzymes or antigens. Nearly all attempts involved use of three coat proteins: CotB, CotC or CotG. Increasing knowledge of the structure of the spore coat allowed us to propose the use of other proteins whose localization in the spore envelope has been determined.

We demonstrate that

coarsegrained, excitonic, structural information in the form of projection angles between transition dipole moments can be obtained from the polarization-dependent, two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy of an isotropic sample, particularly when the nonrephasing or free polarization decay signal, rather than the photon echo signal, is considered. This method provides an experimental link between atomic and electronic structure, and accesses dynamical information with femtosecond time resolution. In an investigation of the Fenna-Matthews-Olson complex from green sulfur bacteria, the energy transfer connecting two particular exciton states in the protein was isolated as the primary contributor to a crosspeak in the nonrephasing two-dimensional spectrum at 400 femtoseconds under a specific sequence of polarized excitation pulses. The results suggest the possibility of designing experiments using combinations of tailored polarization sequences IPI-145 cost to separate and monitor individual relaxation pathways.”
“Prostaglandin E-1 (PGE(1)) lowers dermal interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) in vivo and inhibits fibroblast-mediated selleck chemicals llc Collagen gel contraction in vitro. PDGF-BB, in contrast, stimulates contraction and normalizes IFP lowered as a result of anaphylaxis. Human diploid AG1518 fibroblasts expressed EP2, EP3 and IP prostaglandin receptors. The inhibitory effect of PGE(1) on contraction depended on CAMP. Short-term stimulation

with PDGF-BB transiently induced formation of actin-containing membrane and circular ruffles and breakdown of stress fibers. PGE(1) had no effect on stress fibers nor did it modulate the effects of PDGF-BB. PCE1 alone or in combination with PDGF-BB inhibited initial adhesion and spreading to collagen. PDGF-BB had no effect on adhesion

but stimulated cell spreading. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and MALDI TOF analyses of SDS/Triton X-100-soluble proteins revealed changes check details in migration pattern of actin-binding proteins. Interestingly, PDGF-BB and PGE(1) affected both similar and different sets of actin-binding proteins. PDGF-BB and PGE(1) did not transmodulate their respective effects on actin-binding proteins, cytoskeletal organization or initial adhesion. Our data show that PDGF-BB stimulates actin cytoskeleton dynamics, whereas PGE(1) inhibits processes dependent on cytoskeletal motor functions. We suggest that these different activities may partly explain the contrasting effects of PGE(1) and PDGF-BB on contraction and IFP. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Glitazones, used for type II diabetes, have been associated with liver damage in humans. A structural feature known as a 2,4-thiazolidinedione (TZD) ring may contribute to this toxicity. TZD rings are of interest since continued human exposure via the glitazones and various prototype drugs is possible. Previously, we found that 3-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-2,4-thiazolidinedione (DCPT) was hepatotoxic in rats.

(C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Background: Pancreatic cancer

is often accompanied by severe abdominal or back pain. It’s the first study to evaluate the analgesic effect of electroacupuncture on pancreatic cancer pain. A randomized controlled trial compared electroacupuncture with control acupuncture using the placebo needle.\n\nMethods: Sixty patients with pancreatic cancer pain were randomly assigned to the electroacupuncture group (n = 30) and the placebo control group (n = 30). Patients were treated on Jiaji (Ex-B2) points T8-T12 bilaterally for 30 min once a day for 3 days. Pain intensity was assessed with numerical rated scales (NRS) before the treatment (Baseline), after 3 treatments, and 2 days follow-up.\n\nResults: Baseline characteristics were similar in the two groups. After 3 treatment, Cyclopamine inhibitor pain intensity on NRS decreased compared buy LY2835219 with Baseline (-1.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] -1.46 to -1.87) in the electroacupuncture group; there was little change (-0.13, 95% CI 0.08 to -0.35) in control group; the difference between two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Follow-up also found a significant reduction in pain intensity in the electroacupuncture group compared with the control group (P < 0.001).\n\nConclusions: Electroacupuncture was an effective treatment for relieving

pancreatic cancer pain. Copyright (C) 2013, IAP and EPC. Published by Elsevier SB203580 clinical trial India, a division of Reed Elsevier India Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“CD39 (NTPDase1), a critical immune and vascular ecto-nucleotidase, hydrolyses pro-inflammatory

and pro-thrombotic nucleotides (adenosine-5-triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate) to adenosine. In humans, CD39 is the dominant ecto-nucleotidase in placental trophoblastic tissues and modulates ATP-dependent trophoblastic functions. CD39 is an integral component of regulatory T cells (Treg), which are central to immunological tolerance and maintenance of normal pregnancy. We examined the impact of CD39 overexpression in a mouse model of preeclampsia. Matings were performed between virginal BALB/c female (wild-type (WT) or CD39 transgenic (CD39TG)) and C57BL/6 male mice. On days 10 and 12 of pregnancy BALB/c Th1-polarized cells were injected. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured throughout pregnancy. Mice were sacrificed at day 15 of pregnancy. Following transfer of Th1-polarized cells, SBP of pregnant WT mice increased (118 +/- 3mmHg to 142 +/- 5mmHg). Although ultrastructural changes were evident in the kidney this was not accompanied by significant proteinuria. SBP remained unchanged (115 +/- 2mmHg to 114 +/- 3mmHg) in pregnant CD39TG mice without evidence of renal lesions. We conclude that gestational hypertension can be induced in mice following transfer of maternally derived Th1-polarized cells and that overexpression of CD39 is protective in this model.