The induction of IFN-γ synthesis in the female genital tract is n

The induction of IFN-γ synthesis in the female genital tract is necessary for the induction of an immune response, and subsequent sensitization, of the female to spermatozoa (Witkin, 1988). It is intriguing to speculate whether perhaps an additional function of lactic acid downmodulation of Th1 cell formation in the vagina may be to help preserve fertility

by limiting an IFN-γ response to commensal bacteria and to microorganisms transmitted in the male ejaculate. S.S.W. designed the study, analyzed the data and prepared the original manuscript. S.A. and A.M.B. performed the experiments 3-deazaneplanocin A cell line and collected data. I.M.L., W.J.L. and A.M.B. participated in data analysis. W.J.L. and I.M.L. participated in the final manuscript

Apoptosis inhibitor preparation. All of the authors read and approved the final manuscript. “
“The effect of IFN-γ on the expression of osteopontin (OPN), in the presence or absence of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), in decidual stromal cells (DSC). Decidual stromal cells were isolated from women undergoing elective termination of pregnancy (gestational age, 6–9 weeks). After characterization, they were treated with IFN-γ in the presence or absence of 1,25(OH)2D3. The uterus of pregnancy IFN-γ knockout mice were collected on gestation day (gd) 7.5, and the expression of OPN were examined. IFN-γ drastically decreased the expression of OPN in DSC, which was reverted by the addition of 1,25(OH)2D3 to the IFN-γ-treated decidual cells. Moreover, the OPN expression in uterus of IFN-γ knockout mice was higher than that of wild-type Bay 11-7085 counterparts. We demonstrated OPN was expressed in DSC in human first-trimester decidua and in the uterus in mice at 7.5 gd. The OPN expression was closely correlated with regulation of IFN-γ and 1,25(OH)2D3 in human early pregnancy. OPN expression in DSC was significantly decreased with the treatment of IFN-γ. 1,25(OH)2D3 played an opposite role in IFN-γ-mediated inhibition of OPN expression in human DSC. “
“Chlamydia trachomatis serovars D-K are obligate intracellular

bacteria that have tropism for the columnar epithelial cells of the genital tract. Chlamydia trachomatis infection has been reported to induce modifications in immune cell ligand expression on epithelial host cells. In this study, we used an in vitro infection model that resulted in a partial infection of C. trachomatis-exposed primary-like immortalized endocervical epithelial cells (A2EN). Using this model, we demonstrated that expression of the natural killer (NK) cell activating ligand, MHC class I-related protein A (MICA), was upregulated on C. trachomatis-infected, but not on noninfected bystander cells. MICA upregulation was concomitant with MHC class I downregulation and impacted the susceptibility of C.

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