p value at top is for difference between control and intervention groups and p value at bottom is … Discussion The main finding from this study is that using the lung age concept through Cabozantinib a motivational interviewing approach applied in the PFT laboratory may increase quit attempts among current smokers with high lung age but may reduce quit attempts rate among smokers with normal lung function. Measuring lung function by spirometry to motivate smoking cessation has been a controversial topic because of conflicting data (Bize et al., 2009; Bohadana et al., 2005; Boushey et al., 2005; Enright & Crapo, 2000; Ferguson et al., 2000; Kotz et al., 2009; Mannino, 2006; McClure et al., 2009; Wilt et al., 2005; Young et al., 2010).

Low FEV1 is an independent risk factor for death from COPD and all causes as well as for lung cancer, cardiovascular disease, and stroke (Mannino et al., 2000; Young et al., 2007). Thus, telling a smoker that he/she has low lung function might be thought to motivate smoking cessation (Young et al., 2010) since quitting smoking can improve outcomes (Anthonisen, Skeans, & Wise, 2005). However, a recent Cochrane review (Bize et al., 2009) found little evidence to support this approach other than a recently reported study of using lung age derived from spirometry. In that study, Parkes et al. (2008) demonstrated that revealing a smoker��s lung age obtained during screening spirometry in primary care settings led to increased smoking cessation. Our study did not find a statistically significant effect of communicating lung age; however, our study differed from that by Parkes et al.

because we tested smokers referred to a hospital PFT laboratory, not general smokers in the community. Indeed, we had more smokers with a higher mean burden of cigarette use (21 vs. 17 cigarettes/day) and lower mean lung function (74% vs. 90% predicted). Interestingly, these factors might have influenced motivation to quit in opposite ways, the former associated with a higher degree of nicotine dependence and hence less likelihood of quitting and the latter associated with a greater likelihood of quitting (Gorecka et al., 2003). Our data show that patients with higher cigarette consumption but lower lung function were able to significantly reduce their consumption after the visit to the PFT laboratory, suggesting that smokers with impaired lung function may respond better to smoking cessation interventions (Bednarek et al.

, 2006; Gorecka et al., 2003; McClure et al., 2009). Our study also differed from that of Parkes et al. because we examined quit attempts at 1 month, not abstinence Entinostat rate at 1 year. Despite these differences, our data suggest an important interaction between lung age and the intervention received: The nearly significant interaction between group and lung age on the quit attempt rate (p = .