Methods: MDA-MB-468 human

breast cancer cells were treated overnight with 111In-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid human epidermal growth factor (111In-DTPA-hEGF, 0-142kBq/pmol) or exposed to -radiation to induce DNA double strand breaks (DSB). DNA DSB formation was evaluated by detection of phosphorylated histone H2AX on serine 139 (-H2AX) using immunofluorescence. Confocal microscopy was used to capture images of -H2AX foci and cell nuclei. Image-J software with customized macros was used to quantify -H2AX foci. Results: The number of -H2AX foci per nucleus scored using Image-J correlated strongly with the number scored using direct visual confirmation (coefficient of determination, R2=0.950; 60 nuclei scored). The mean density (grayscale values per pixel), area and integrated density (IntDen) of individual foci increased AZD2014 concentration linearly as the specific radioactivity (SR) increased up to 67kBq/pmol (R2 values of 0.826, 0.964, 0.978, respectively). The mean number of foci per nucleus, the combined area of -H2AX foci per nucleus and the IntDen per nucleus also increased linearly with SR, giving R2 values of 0.926, 0.974 and 0.983, respectively. Similar linear relationships were observed with the -ray absorbed dose up to 3.0Gy. Conclusions: The density, area and IntDen of individual foci, as well as the number of -H2AX foci, total focus area and IntDen per nucleus were successfully quantified using Image-J with customized macros.”
“Objectives:

Prostate biopsy grade is a key factor when deciding whether to perform pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) Selleckchem GW3965 at laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. In common

with many laparoscopic radical prostatectomy centers, we perform PLND in patients found to have intermediate and high-risk prostate cancer based upon preoperative PSA, prostate biopsy and imaging. We JQ1 solubility dmso assessed the feasibility of performing a secondary laparoscopic PLND 6 weeks post-operatively in the presence of postoperative upgrading in patients who did not have PLND. Methods: A prospective study recording the pathological results and operative outcomes prospectively over a 10-month period during which 24 patients underwent a secondary PLND. All patients had a preoperative PSA level <10 ng/ml and biopsy Gleason score of +/- 6 (3 + 3) and the prostatectomy specimen was subsequently found to have a Gleason score of >= 7 (4 + 3) or increased stage. Results: During the 10-month period, 377 prostatectomies were carried out in our department in which 54 (18.3%) had an upgrading in the prostatectomy specimen. 24 patients (mean age 60 and mean PSA 6.7 ng/ ml) agreed to a secondary PLND. No lymph nodes metastases were observed. One patient who was sexually potent following a nerve-sparing prostatectomy was impotent after the secondary PLND. Conclusions: Upgrading of prostate Gleason score is seen in up to a third of cases in many large published series that is reflected in our experience.