faecalis dentin infection was present in a high percentage of the root canals after 120 days of root filling exposure to the bacteria. Tagger’s hybrid technique presented greater quantity of bacteria in histologic sections than root canals obturated with the other techniques. (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2010; 109: 788-794)”
“P>Arabidopsis

thaliana reticulate mutants exhibit differential pigmentation of the veinal and interveinal leaf regions, a visible phenotype that often indicates impaired mesophyll development. We performed a metabolomic analysis of one buy BLZ945 ven6 (venosa6) and three ven3 reticulate mutants that revealed altered levels of arginine precursors, namely increased ornithine and reduced citrulline levels. In addition, the mutants were more sensitive than the wild-type to exogenous ornithine, and leaf reticulation and mesophyll defects of these mutants were completely rescued by exogenous citrulline. Taken together, these results indicate that ven3 and ven6 mutants experience a blockage of the conversion of ornithine into citrulline in the arginine pathway. Consistent with the participation of VEN3 and VEN6 in the same pathway, the morphological phenotype of ven3

ven6 double mutants was synergistic. Map-based cloning showed that the VEN3 and VEN6 genes encode subunits of Arabidopsis carbamoyl phosphate Selleck Selisistat synthetase (CPS), which is assumed to be required for the conversion of ornithine into citrulline in arginine biosynthesis. Heterologous expression of the Arabidopsis VEN3 and

VEN6 genes in a CPS-deficient Escherichia coli strain fully restored bacterial growth in minimal medium, demonstrating the enzymatic activity of the VEN3 and VEN6 proteins, and indicating a conserved role for CPS in these distinct and distant species. Detailed study of the reticulate MEK inhibition leaf phenotype in the ven3 and ven6 mutants revealed that mesophyll development is highly sensitive to impaired arginine biosynthesis.”
“Background: NADP(H):quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO-1) is known for its protective role in skin carcinogenesis, but the expression of NQO-1 during keratinocyte (KC) differentiation has not been studied.

Objective: The purpose of the current study was to evaluate modulation of NQO-1 and NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) during MC differentiation.

Methods: Normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) were induced to differentiation by prolonged culture after confluency (postconfluence).

Results: NQO-1 was induced at the late stage of differentiation of NHEKs (7th day of postconfluence). The expression of postconfluence-induced NQO-1 was stimulated by 0.1 mM H(2)O(2), but attenuated by 5 mM N-acetylcysteine, implying that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are implicated in the expression of NQO-1 in differentiated KCs. Nrf2 was up-regulated at the earlier than NQO-1 induction (3rd day of postconfluence). The Nrf2-dependent expression of NQO-1 was further supported by Nrf2-siRNA experiments.