Transgenic O ecklonis plants were obtained through transformatio

Transgenic O. ecklonis plants were obtained through transformation with the Osmyb4 rice gene under the control of the CaMV35S promoter.

We examined the phenotypic adaptation of transgenic plants to cold and freezing stress. We also analysed the ability of wild-type and transgenic Osteospermum to accumulate

several solutes, such as proline, amino acids and sugars. Using nuclear magnetic resonance, we outlined the metabolic profile of this species under normal growth conditions and under stress for the first time. Indeed, we found that overexpression of Osmyb4 improved the cold and freezing tolerance and produced changes in metabolite accumulation, especially of sugars and proline. Based on our data, it could be of agronomic and economic interest to use this gene to produce Osteospermum plants capable of learn more growing in open field, even during the winter season in climatic zone Z9. (C) 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.”
“The main purpose of this study was this website to describe the cultural adaptation of a Persian version of the Insomnia Severity Index and to evaluate its psychometric properties by testing internal consistency, construct validity, discriminant validity,

and concurrent validity.

Cross-cultural adaptation was carried out according to guidelines and included forward and backward translations, expert committee, and field test. A sample of 1,037 sleep clinic patients filled in a questionnaire package including the Persian version of the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI-P), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). In addition, 624 of these patients were assessed by polysomnography (PSG). A group of 50 members of hospital staff responded to the ISI-P as the control group. Internal consistency with Cronbach’s

alpha, construct validity with principal component analysis, discriminant validity with assessing the ISI-P’s ability to differentiate selleck kinase inhibitor patients from control group and concurrent validity with exploring the spearman correlation with the PSQI, ESS, BDI, and corresponding parameters in PSG were followed to examine the psychometric properties of the ISI-P.

The ISI-P showed acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.78) and a 2-factor solution in factor analysis. The ISI-P discriminated well between patients and control group (15.90 +/- A 6.12 vs 10.10 +/- A 5.76, P value < 0.001). Items and total score of the ISI-P showed a weak correlation with the corresponding parameters in PSG. The ISI-P total score was significantly correlated with total score of the PSQI (r = 0.74, P value < 0.001) and the BDI (r = 0.42, P value < 0.001), while it was not significantly correlated with total score of the ESS (r = 0.12, P value = 0.72).

Cross-cultural adaptation was successful, and the ISI-P has good psychometric properties. Using the ISI-P is recommended to evaluate insomnia in research and clinical settings in Persian-speaking people.

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