Throughout the book, the authors are on the side of the reader

as they explain neuropathology and toxicology from a very practical point of view. In Part 1, on the fundamentals of neurobiology, the book begins with a section defining the spectrum of neurotoxicology and the importance of neurotoxicological research. The history of neurotoxicology is outlined with particular mention of the important contributions of the founding editor of Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology, John B Cavanagh, who devised many of the routine morphological approaches to neurotoxicology that are in use today. A valuable set of 10 principles is propounded that impress on the reader the importance of grasping nomenclature in the field, and recognizing the restricted SAHA HDAC nature of responses in the nervous system and its selective vulnerability. Each principle has a memorable title such as Principal 4: ‘what gets

wrecked depends on when it gets whacked!’ Principles for assessing acute pathological lesions in the nervous system, the use of special stains, an inbuilt scepticism with regard to what you see down the microscope and the value of a wider knowledge of neurology are all discussed. Finally, the necessity of good planning for screening studies in neurotoxicology Omipalisib price and in experimental neuropathology is emphasized; the advisability of adhering to standard study designs and protocols is discussed under Principle 10: ‘garbage in, garbage out!’ The eight ensuing chapters cover

functional and comparative neuroanatomy, development, localization of neuropathological lesions, ageing, behavioural systems and cognitive assessment, mainly in relation to neurotoxicology, but the general principles expounded in these chapters have general applicability to the whole spectrum of neuroscience. Part 2 of the book deals with the techniques involved in the investigation of the central and peripheral nervous systems, cerebrospinal fluid and muscle. There is a very interesting chapter on fluoro-Jade dyes describing the use of fluorochromes for localizing degenerating neurones. There is a chapter on imaging that includes ultrasound, magnet resonance imaging, positron emission tomography and single-photon emission Bumetanide computed tomography (SPECT) techniques that are used in human medical practice, and non-invasive bioluminescent imaging (BLI) that is not used in humans. BLI detects light emitted endogenously via a chemical reaction driven by the enzyme luciferase. This section of the book also includes chapters on histological artefacts in nervous system tissues and on molecular techniques. Part 3 covers the practice of toxicological neuropathology and its applications; the actions of toxins on the central nervous system, retina, ear, peripheral nervous system and the olfactory nervous system are clearly reviewed.