These novel results allow us to plan selection of scrapie-resistant genotypes and kid sex before transfer of cryopreserved embryo.”
“A novel process named combination of CP-673451 Protein Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor steam explosion and microwave irradiation (SE-MI) method was investigated and compared with steam explosion (SE) method for pretreating corn stover under 540W microwave power and 3 min microwave irradiation time. Both of the two pretreatment methods were operated at 170-210 degrees C for 3-15 min. Results showed that compared to SE process, SE-MI process enhanced the enzymatic hydrolysis yields of both glucose and xylose, and slightly increased
the total sugar yield. The maximum glucose yield, xylose yield and total sugar yield of the process were 57.4%, 17.8% and 75.2% (corresponding to 100% maximum total sugar in feedstock). respectively, obtained at 200 degrees C for 5 min. SE-MI pretreatment showed attractive advantage in inhibiting the increase of biomass crystallinity. The crystallinity following SE-MI pretreatment was 19% lower than that following SE pretreatment at 190 degrees C for 5 min. (C) GSK923295 clinical trial 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“The main scope of this manuscript is to analyse the dynamics of mitochondrial
activity in boar sperm subjected to ‘in vitro’ capacitation (IVC) and subsequent progesterone-induced ‘in vitro’ acrosome reaction (IVAR). This was determined after analysis of the rhythm of O-2 consumption and concomitant changes in the mitochondria activity-specific JC-1 staining. Results showed that IVC, and especially IVAR, was concomitant with a peak in O-2 consumption (from 1.61 +/- 0.08 nmol O-2/min/10(7) viable sperm at 0 h of incubation to
2.62 +/- 0.12 nmol O-2/min/10(7) viable sperm after 5 min of IVAR induction). These results were accompanied by parallel changes in the mean intensity of JC-1 staining. this website Based on JC-1, mitochondrial activation followed a nucleated pattern, with specific, activation starting points at the midpiece from which mitochondrial activation was spread. Moreover, four separate sperm subpopulations were detected following the JC-1 orange-red/green ratio, and the observed changes in the mean JC-1 staining during IVC and IVAR were related to concomitant changes in both the orange-red/green JC-1 ratio and the percentage of sperm included in each subpopulation. All of these results indicate that IVC and the first minutes of IVAR are accompanied by a progressive increase in mitochondrial activity, which reached a peak coincidental with the achievement of IVAR. Moreover, results suggest the presence of separate sperm subpopulations, which show a different mitochondrial sensitivity to IVC and IVAR. Finally, mitochondrial activation, at least under JC-1 staining, seems to originate in concrete nucleation points at the midpiece, thus suggesting thus a well-coordinated pattern in boar-sperm mitochondrial activity modulation.