The majority of patients had ASA class II accounting for 61.0% of cases (Figure 2). Figure 2 Distribution of patients according to ASA class. Treatment modalities All the 118 patients had exploration of the abdomen. Sixty-nine (58.5%) patients were operated on emergency bases while 49 (41.5%) patients had an elective surgery. Operative findings of tuberculous intestinal obstruction are depicted in Table 3. The most common area of involvement was the ileo-caecal region in 68 (57.6%) patients. This was followed by the terminal ileum and jejunum in 34 (28.8%) and 12 (10.2%) patients respectively. The colon was involved in 4 (3.4%) patients. The main lesion

causing obstruction was intestinal tuberculosis in Microbiology inhibitor the hypertrophic form in 86 (72.9%) patients. Table 3 Distribution of patients according to operative findings (N = 118) Operative findings Frequency Percentage Small bowel strictures (single/multiple) 86 72.9 Bands and adhesions WH-4-023 20 16.9 Bowel strictures and perforation 6 5.1 Ileocaecal mass 4 3.4 Enlarged

mesenteric lymph nodes 2 1,7 The right hemicolectomy with ileo-transverse anastomosis was the most common surgical procedure performed in 55.9% of the patients (Table 4). Postoperatively all the patients received antituberculous drugs for a period of one year. Table 4 Distribution of patients according to type of surgical procedures performed Type of surgical procedures Frequency Percentage Right hemicolectomy with ileo-transverse anastomosis 66 55.9 Segmental bowel resection with end to end anastomosis 28 23.7 Adhesion lysis 20 16.9 Ileo-transverse bypass procedure 2 1.7 Ileostomy 1 1.8 Stricturoplasty 1 1.8 Treatment outcome Post-operative complications Forty-four (37.3%) patients had 56 post-complications. Surgical site infection (SSI) was the most common post-operative complication accounting for 42.8% of cases (Table 5). In

the present study, the rate of SSI was found to be significantly higher in HIV positive patients than in non HIV patients (p = 0.011). Also higher rate of SSI was observed among HIV patients with CD 4 count below 200 cells/μl (p = 0.021). Table 5 Distribution of patients according to postoperative complications (N = 56) Postoperative complications Frequency Percentage Surgical site infections 24 42.9 Enterocutaneous fistula 6 10.7 Wound dehiscence/ burst abdomen 4 7.1 Paralytic ileus 4 7.1 Intraabdominal abscess/ Grape seed extract peritonitis 3 5.4 Keloids 3 5.4 Incisional hernia 2 3.6 Length of PCI-34051 order hospital stay The overall length of hospital stay (LOS) ranged from 1 to 64 days with a median of 24 days. The median LOS for non-survivors was 6 days (range 1-12 days). Patients who had post complications stayed longer in the hospital and this was statistically significant (p = 0.011). Mortality In this study, thirty-four patients died giving a mortality rate of 28.8%. According to multivariate logistic regression analysis, co-existing medical illness (OR = 4.5, 95% C.I. (2.5- 8.9), p = 0.001), delayed presentation (OR = 11.3, 95% CI (7.