Stenting allows fast and effective recanalization without the need of repetitive passing of the occlusion site and retrieval Epacadostat manufacturer attempts. However, this concept has some disadvantages in general and especially in the setting of acute stroke treatment. Thrombus compression may lead to permanent side branch or perforator occlusion. Moreover, permanent stent placement needs double platelet anti-aggregation medication in order to prevent in-stent thrombosis

and re-occlusion. This preventive medication may increase the risk of sICH in the setting of acute stroke [6]. Furthermore, an in-stent re-stenosis rate of bare metal stents has been reported in up to 32% in the treatment of intracranial arteriosclerotic stenosis after a follow-up period of 9 months [7]. The use of different stent systems has been reported in case reports and small case series. Rapamycin research buy In general, self-expandable stents are preferentially used over balloon-mounted stents. Recanalization rates are reported to be between 79% and 92% with moderate clinical outcome in 33–50% [8] and [9]. The Stent-Assisted Recanalization in Acute Ischemic Stroke (SARIS) trial is the first FDA approved prospective trial investigating stenting

in acute stroke treatment. 20 patients (mean NIHSS 14) were included within 6 h after symptom onset. Recanalization rate was 100% with adjuvant therapies such as angioplasty, IV tPA and IAT applied in 63% of patients. Moderate clinical outcome was achieved in 60% of patients [10] and [11]. Despite the high recanalization rate reported in these studies, the use of intracranial stenting in acute stroke treatment is debatable due to the risks associated with permanent stent deployment and the recent success of thrombectomy. However, stenting has a

clear value in selective cases of rescue therapy. All mechanical thrombectomy devices Demeclocycline are delivered by endovascular access proximal to the occlusion site. The various systems can be divided into 3 major groups according to where they apply mechanical force on the thrombus: (a) Proximal devices apply force to the proximal base of the thrombus. This group includes various aspiration catheters and systems. Vascular access is usually gained with a 7–8-F sheath. After placement of the guiding catheter, a large dedicated aspiration catheter (4–5-F) flexible enough to pass the tortuosity of the cranial vessels (e.g. carotid siphon) is navigated to the proximal surface of the thrombus. Aspiration force is applied to the thrombus using a 60-ml syringe. The aspiration catheter is then retrieved under constant negative pressure to avoid loss of thrombus material. This approach omits repetitive passing of the occlusion site and after each retrieval of clot fragments, the procedure can be repeated. The advantages of this approach are that it is mechanically simple, fast to apply and inexpensive.