PPAR-gamma expression was analyzed in cell lysates by Western blot. IL-6 and IL-8 production was measured in the culture supernatants by ELISA.

Results: PPAR-gamma expression was identified in all experimental groups except for the control. The cytokine mixture-induced IL-6 and IL-8 production was significantly inhibited by pre-treatment with rosiglitazone (P<0.01). However, this inhibitory effect of rosiglitazone was not reversed by BADGE.

Conclusion: These suggest that rosiglitazone induces the PPAR-gamma expression and it may inhibit the cytokine mixture-induced IL-6 and IL-8 production through the PPAR-gamma independent pathway. The inhibitory mechanisms of rosiglitazone on the

cytokine mixture-induced IL-6 and IL-8 production in human alveolar, and bronchial

epithelial cells GSK1838705A cost remain to be further investigated.”
“In this study, cholinesterase inhibitory potential relevant to Alzheimer’s disease and antioxidant activities of the dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extracts from the aerial parts and/or roots of fourteen Salvia (sage) species (S. argentea, S. bracteata, S. caespitosa, S. cryptantha, S. glutinosa, S. indica, S. microstegia, S. multicaulis, S. pinnata, S. quezelii, S. syriaca, S. tobeyi, S. verticillata subsp. amasiaca, and S. viscosa) were investigated. Cholinesterase inhibition was determined by Ellman method at 25, 50, and 100 mu g ml(-1). Their antioxidant activity was assessed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl ACY-738 concentration (DPPH) radical scavenging this website activity, metal-chelation capacity, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Total phenol and flavonoid contents of the extracts were also determined. The dichloromethane and ethanol extracts of the aerial parts of S. cryptantha were the most active ones against AChE (56.22 +/- 1.07%) and BChE (33.80 +/- 4.18%), respectively. The ethanol extracts exhibited better scavenging activity and FRAP. Anticholinesterase activity of 9 Salvia species (S. argentea, S. bracteata, S. caespitosa,

S. indica, S. pinnata, S. quezelii, S. syriaca, S. tobeyi, and S. viscosa) is reported for the first time in the current study. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Recent progress has provided us with several promising neuroprotective compounds to reduce perinatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury. In the early post HI phase, therapies can be concentrated on ion channel blockage (Xenon), anti-oxidation (allopurinol, 2-iminobiotin, and indomethacin), anti-inflammation (erythropoietin [EPO], melatonin), and anti-apoptosis (nuclear factor kappa B [NF-kappa B]and c-jun N-terminal kinase [JNK] inhibitors); in the later phase, therapies should be targeted to promote neuronal regeneration by stimulation of neurotrophic properties of the neonatal brain (EPO, growth factors, stem cells transplantation).