Here we describe serotype, multilocus sequence type (ST), and penicillin susceptibility of thirty pneumococcal invasive disease isolates received by the University of Malaya Medical Centre between February 2000 and January 2007 and relate this to the serotypes included in current pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. A high level of diversity was observed; fourteen serotypes and 26 sequence

types (ST), (11 of which were not previously described) were Y-27632 purchase detected from 30 isolates. Penicillin non-susceptible pneumococci accounted for 33% of isolates. The extent of molecular heterogeneity within carried and disease-causing Malaysian pneumococci remains unknown. Larger surveillance www.selleckchem.com/ferroptosis.html and epidemiological studies are now required in this region to provide robust evidence on which to

base future vaccine policy.”
“This article provides a new model for predicting the surface tension of molten alkali halides, because the subject is worthy of investigation. A relationship exists between the surface tension (gamma) at the melting point (T (m) ), molar volume (V), internuclear distance (D), and radius ratio The basic idea results from the assumption that all of the parameters are constants. The relation depends on the reliability and accuracy of all the constants on which it is based. The formula was examined and showed remarkable agreement between the calculated surface tension and experimental data within a difference of less than 10 pct for most of the salts studied.”
“We present

simulations investigating the effects of solvent quality on the dynamics of flexible (RNA-like) and semi flexible (DNA-like) polymers ejecting from spherical viral capsids. We find that the mean ejection time increases and the ejection time distributions are broadened as the solvent quality decreases. Our results thus suggest that DNA ejection may be very efficiently controlled by tuning the salt concentration in the environment, in agreement with recent experimental findings. We also observe random pauses in the ejection. These become extremely long for semi flexible polymers at lower Selleck 5-Fluoracil solvent quality, and we interpret this as a signature of a low driving force for ejection. We find that, for most polymers, ejection is an all-or-nothing process at the solvent conditions we investigated: polymers normally completely eject once the process is initiated.”
“Nine Daphniphyllum alkaloids, including three new ones, paxiphyllines C-E (1-3, resp.), were isolated from the twigs and the leaves of Daphniphyllum paxianum. Paxiphylline C (1) represents the first example of Daphniphyllum alkaloids with a carbonyldioxy group. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data.