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“Frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) is a seizure disorder with a lower prevalence than temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Despite its consequences on cognitive and emotional selleck products well-being, the neuropsychology of FLE has not been well studied. By contrast, TLE has been studied meticulously, leading to a relevant understanding of memory and the functional

characteristics of the temporal and limbic circuits, The neuropsychological studies on FLE report deficits in motor coordination and planning, reduced attention span, and difficulties in response inhibition in complex cognitive tasks. This review aims to illustrate the most relevant neurocognitive dimensions, psychiatric comorbidity, and postoperative neuropsychological outcome of FLE. Methodological suggestions for future research are also included by critically reviewing the existing literature. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Background: Little is known about the risk factors for glenohumeral joint instability. We hypothesized that see more a prior history of instability would be a significant risk factor for subsequent injury.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort

study over a four-year period within a high-risk group of young athletes to address the research hypothesis. Subjects were freshmen entering the U.S. Military Academy in June of 2006. Part of the baseline assessment included documenting a prior history of glenohumeral instability on entry into the study. All subjects were followed for subsequent glenohumeral joint instability events until graduation in May of 2010. The primary outcome of interest in this study was time to glenohumeral instability

event during the follow-up period. We examined injury outcomes, looking Eltanexor mouse for any instability, anterior instability, and posterior instability events. Cox proportional-hazards regression models were used to analyze the data.

Results: Among the 714 subjects, eight shoulders were excluded from the analyses due to prior surgical stabilization, leaving 1420 shoulders, of which 126 had a self-reported prior history of instability. There were forty-six (thirty-nine anterior and seven posterior) acute instability events documented in the cohort during the follow-up period. Subjects with a prior history of instability were over five times (p < 0.001) more likely to sustain an acute (anterior or posterior) instability event during the follow-up period. Subjects with a history of instability were also 5.6 times (p < 0.001) more likely to experience a subsequent anterior instability event and 4.6 times (p = 0.068) more likely to experience a posterior instability event during follow-up. Similar results were observed in multivariable models after controlling for the influence of demographic and baseline physical examination findings.