Finally, we show that miR-17-5p expression correlates well with HSP27 status in primary human HCC tissues with metastasis. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the p38 MAPK pathway plays a crucial role in miR-17-5p-induced phosphorylation of HSP27 and, as a consequence, phosphorylated HSP27 enhances the migration of HCC cells. Our data highlight an important role of miR-17-5p in the proliferation and migration of HCC cells and support the potential application of miR-17-5p in HCC therapy. (Hepatology 2010;) MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 21- to 25-nucleo tide RNA molecules that regulate

cellular differentiation, apoptosis, proliferation, and migration.1, 2 Many studies have shown that miRNAs are implicated in many cancers, GSI-IX in vivo and altered miRNA levels can result in the aberrant expression of gene products that may contribute to cancer biology.3, 4 Indeed, some miRNAs have been classified as tumor suppressors or oncogenes.5 Recent studies that have used hybridization-based

microarrays to investigate miRNA expression profiles in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have identified nonoverlapping signatures of a small number of miRNAs that are up-regulated and down-regulated in human HCC compared with paired peritumoral tissues.6-8 Although the roles of miRNAs in HCC have recently been postulated, their pathophysiological contributions to HCC are still largely unknown. The Selleck Regorafenib miR-17-92 cluster (composed of miR-17-5p, miR-17-3p, miR-18a, miR-19a, miR-20a, miR-19b, and miR-92-1) first attracted attention following a series of observations linking

these miRNAs to cancer pathogenesis.9 Overexpression of the miR-17-92 locus has been identified in lung cancer,10 B cell lymphoma,9 HCC,11 and stomach solid tumors.12 Moreover, elevated expression of the miR-17-92 polycistron in hepadnavirus-associated HCC contributes to a malignant phenotype.13 The association of miR-17-92 with a broad range of cancers not only underlines the clinical significance of this locus but also suggests that miR-17-92 may regulate fundamental biological processes. miR-17-5p, an important member MCE of the miR-17-92 cluster, was found to be overexpressed in HCC.11, 13, 14 Some targets of miR-17-5p have been confirmed, such as E2F1,15 NCOA3,16 and RBL2.17 Many of these targets are known cell cycle regulators, but their identification does not sufficiently explain the oncogenic potential of miR-17-5p. The introduction of proteomics has enabled the simultaneous analysis of changes in multiple proteins. Recently, some new proteomic approaches were used to measure changes in the synthesis of several thousand proteins in response to miRNA transfection or endogenous miRNA knockdown.18, 19 These data suggest that miRNAs can directly or indirectly regulate protein synthesis of thousands of genes. These approaches are powerful means by which to identify miRNA targets.