(C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3611408]“
“Purpose: This aims to evaluate the effects of lamivudine (LAM) and entecavir (ETV) in preventing hepatitis B virus (HBV) re-infection after liver transplantation (LT).
Methods: A retrospective matched case-control
method was used in this study. From June 2005 to May 2007, the patients who received LAM (100 mg qd) or ETV (0.5 mg qd) were chosen. The LAM and ETV groups were matched using a 3: 1 ratio based on the factors, such as age, gender, LAM or ETV antiviral duration, primary disease, and HBV DNA levels at the initiation of antiviral therapy. Data on serum HBV markers, HBV DNA, and cumulative recurrence were collected.
Results: Two hundred and fifty-two patients were enrolled. The average duration of follow-up was 38.5 and 41.2 months (LAM and ETV groups) (p > 0.05). Duration of pre-operative antiviral therapy was 30.3 and 25.8 d (LAM and ETV groups) Buparlisib price (p > 0.05). The HBV DNA level decreased from 3.89
x 10(6) to 5.31 x 10(5) copies/mL before LT in the LAM group, and decreased from 8.74 x 10(6) to 5.49 x 10(4) copies/mL in the ETV group (p < 0.05). Eighteen patients in LAM group developed HBV re-infection and 0 in ETV group.
Conclusion: ETV is superior to LAM for preventing HBV re-infection following LT.”
“There is debate about a possible association between natalizumab treatment and higher risk of melanoma. Here we report a case of melanoma in a patient who developed learn more melanoma after 77 infusions of natalizumab, without known risk factors. Pharmacovigilance programs of new drugs can help to monitor adverse events in patients at risk.”
“Control of norovirus outbreaks relies on enhanced hygiene measures, such as handwashing, surface cleaning, using disposable paper towels, and using separate toilets for sick and well persons. However,
little is known about their effectiveness in limiting further spread of norovirus infections. We analyzed norovirus outbreaks Protein Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor in 7 camps at an international scouting jamboree in the Netherlands during 2004. Implementation of hygiene measures coincided with an 84.8% (95% predictive interval 81.2%-86.6%) reduction in reproduction number. This reduction was unexpectedly large but still below the reduction needed to contain a norovirus outbreak. Even more stringent control measures are required to break the chain of transmission of norovirus.”
“We have performed an ab initio investigation, within the spin-polarized density functional theory, of the energetic stability and electronic properties of substitutional Si, Ge, and C impurities in [0001] GaN, AlN, and InN nanowires (NWs). Our total energy results show that C impurities in the cation site (C(Ga), C(Al), and C(In)) present lower formation energies at the surface of the NWs as compared to their counterparts in the core of the NW or the bulk system.