Axon trunks, in general, whether myelinated or unmyelinated, have relatively low levels of CO activity (Wong-Riley 1989) and seemed to have lower CO activity in the cc than in the overlying white matter. Borders defined by CO activity were collated with those from sections counterstained with neutral red. Reconstructions of the cc were then compared with those reported in the stereotaxic atlas of Paxinos and Watson (1982). These criteria were applied to study the distribution and number of intracallosal

Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical neurons. this website neurons were detected throughout the rostrocaudal dimension of the cc, but showed a mediolateral gradient, being more numerous in the lateral region and rare in the medial region. No comparative data are available on differences in regional Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical distribution of NADPH-d/NOS intracallosal neurons between rodents and primates, because Rockland and Nayyar (2012) limited their study to the medial-most region of the monkey cc. However, the present findings and those of a previous study suggest that the Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical adult rat cc contains different neuronal populations which could all have a distinctive areal distribution; indeed MAP2+ neurons are mainly concentrated in the rostrum near the border with the septum pellucidum (Riederer et al. 2004).

Counts performed in two brains (both hemispheres) indicated that the rat cc contains a substantial population of NADPH-d+ neurons. Counts involved 145 Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical sections in brain CC-NADPH-10 and 130 in brain CC-NADPH-11, yielding 2959 NADPH-d+ neurons in the former and 2227

NADPH-d+ neurons in the latter. Previous immunocytochemical studies documented numerous intracallosal neurons in the developing cc of various species, including humans, that decline in the postnatal period (DeDiego et al. 1994; Deng and Elberger 2001; Misaki et al. 2004; Riederer et al. 2004; Niquille et al. 2009; Jovanov-Milosevic et al. 2010). However, intracallosal Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical NO-producing neurons likely have a different postnatal behavior, like those found in the visual cortex white matter, where number and density of nNOSIP cell increase during PDK4 postnatal development (Clancy et al. 2001). We found 8–12% NO-producing neurons in the ependyma of the lateral ventricle. These neurons may be in contact with CSF through their dendrites, axons or perikarya, and may belong to the CSF-contacting neuronal system found in various periventricular brain regions of vertebrates (Vigh et al. 2004). Ependymal neurons were predominantly fusiform. This finding agrees with a previous NADPH-d study (Sancesario et al. 1996) They could have a sensory function, registering CSF composition; play a negative feedback role on CSF pH and osmolality changes; or else be involved in regulating the synthesis and release of several peptides in the CSF (Westergaard 1972; Sancesario et al. 1996; Xiao et al. 2005).