Administration of the STAT6-IP at the time of RSV challenge (Late Intervention) had no effect. Following RSV challenge, the STAT6-IP-treated mice in the Early Intervention group had lower airway eosinophils, increased lung IFN-γ levels, as well as increased IFN-γ-secreting Trichostatin A supplier CD4+ and CD8+ cells in the lungs. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of targeting intracellular signaling pathways as a new way to modulate vaccine-induced responses. “
“There is strong evidence from animal models that placental and/or breast milk-mediated transfer of maternal allergen-specific

IgG prevents allergic immune responses in the progeny. Both human and animal data also point to IgA as having an important regulatory role. In contrast, little is known about maternal transfer of IgG and IgA specific for respiratory allergens in

humans. Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p) is an indoor allergen that is a major cause of asthma worldwide. We analysed maternal to child Der p-specific IgG and IgA transfer in a cohort of 77 paired maternal and child samples. We found Der p-specific IgG and its IgG1, IgG2 and IgG4 subclasses in all cord blood samples. Except Lumacaftor mw for IgG1, cord levels were higher in newborns from atopic mothers (n = 29) compared to non-atopic mothers (n = 48). Der p-specific IgA was found in all colostrum samples and levels were independent of maternal atopic status. Notably, anti-Der p IgG was also found in colostrum and levels were higher in atopic mothers. We believe that our work is a critical first step in the identification of early factors that may impact asthma development and should guide the development of clinical studies that assess whether Der p-specific IgG and IgA protect children from allergy as demonstrated in animal models. Atopic asthma affects millions of children worldwide [1]. Pathogenesis of allergic disease results from complex interactions between MAPK inhibitor genetic

and environmental factors such as pollution, tobacco and microbial exposure including microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract. In most cases, symptoms of allergic asthma manifest in childhood, and the immunological changes leading to atopy can occur very early in life and even during gestation [2]. Thus, identifying early factors that predispose to asthma development may help to improve primary prevention. During pregnancy, mothers transfer to the foetus immunoglobulins (Ig) that recognize antigens to which she has been exposed [3]. IgG is the main Ig isotype transferred across the placental barrier [3–5], and its subclasses are ordered according to their relative serum levels: IgG1 > IgG2 > IgG3 > IgG4.