, 2013). Another group found no relationship between dissolved methane in groundwater and proximity to gas wells, but did find topographic and geochemical relationships where methane

concentrations were higher in valleys as well as in groundwater dominated by sodium chloride or sodium bicarbonate (Molofsky et al., 2013). In northeastern Pennsylvania, a multivariate regression of methane patterns using landscape and hydrogeologic factors found gas well proximity, groundwater residence time, and well depth relative to certain geologic strata to be most dominant, though only 28% of variation in methane was explained with the regression (Pelepko, 2013). A fourth study found no correlation between groundwater methane and proximity to gas wells, but did not examine other landscape characteristics that might be driving PLX4032 in vivo observed values (Boyer et al., 2012). The objectives

of this study were to obtain groundwater quality data from domestic wells in central New York in order to (1) investigate baseline distributions of dissolved methane and other water quality parameters, including major cations and anions, and (2) to analyze dissolved methane patterns using a variety of statistical techniques in order http://www.selleckchem.com/products/gsk2126458.html to understand environmental drivers of the observed patterns. The chosen study area was Chenango County, which is a 2315 km2 (894 mi2) region (US Census, 2012) located in the glaciated Appalachian Plateau portion of central New York State (McPherson, 1993). The county is dominated by agricultural and forested land (Crandall, 1985). Surficial geology is characterized by unconsolidated glacial till that mantles the bedrock uplands except on hilltops, north-facing hillslopes, and truncated spur hillsides where the till is absent and bedrock crops Fenbendazole out at the land surface; with

major valleys containing thicker sediments comprised of alluvium and glacialfluvial outwash and glaciolacustrine fine sand, silt, and clay (Cadwell, 1991, Hetcher et al., 2003 and Hetcher-Aguila and Miller, 2005). Bedrock in the county is dominated by Upper and Middle Devonian shale with sandstone, siltstone, limestone and black shale also present in some formations (Fig. 1). Underlying stratigraphy is shown in Fig. 1b. As of April 2012, there were 93 natural gas wells in the county, with 33 of these wells considered active. Drilling density, considering all existing wells, varies across the county, from 0 in several townships to 0.48 wells km−2 in Smyrna Township (Fig. 2). These wells primarily produce from the Oriskany and Herkimer Sandstones and Oneida Conglomerate (NYSDEC, 2012). However, advances in drilling technologies have resulted in interest by natural gas companies to produce natural gas from organic-rich shales.