001). 3.2.2. Recipient The anastomosis time was 26 �� 6 minutes in the heparin group and 30 �� 8 minutes in the nonheparinised group (P = 0.0001). There was no significant difference in the anastomosis time in kidneys with single or multiple arteries (28 �� 7.0 versus selleck chem inhibitor 27 �� 8.0min; P = 0.091). There were no episodes of graft thrombosis or primary nonfunction in either group. In the heparinised group six recipients received blood transfusions, compared to three in the nonheparin group (P = 0.740). Three recipients in the heparin group returned to theatre for reexploration. One was due to bleeding from the renal bed and the other two for ureteric complications. Of the three recipients in the nonheparinised group who returned to theatre for reexploration, one was for a clot in the superficial layer, one for washout of haematoma and exploration of transplant wound.

The final was due to a ureteric obstruction. Delayed graft function occurred in 4/109 (3.6%) of heparinised patients and 1/77 (1.2%) of the nonheparinised group (P = 0.405). Day 7, 1 month, and 12 months serum creatinine and eGFR levels were not significantly different between the groups (P > 0.05; Figure 1). Figure 1 Recipient serum creatinine and eGFR levels in the heparin and nonheparinised groups day 7, 1month after and 12 months after transplant. There was a similar incidence of acute rejection in the two groups (hep 15% versus nonhep 21%; P = 0.326). Graft survival at 12 months was similar, 97.2% (hep) versus 98.7% in the nonheparinised group; (P = 0.650). Patient survival at 12 months was 98.2% (hep) versus 96.

1% (nonhep; P = 0.650). Three grafts failed in the heparin group within the first 12 months. One due to recurrence of primary end-stage renal disease, and two due to rejection that did not respond to treatment. The single graft loss in the nonheparinised group was due to rejection within the first 3 months after transplant. There were 2 patient deaths in the heparin group. One due to a cardiac arrest 3 days after transplant and the other due to ischaemic bowel leading to sepsis 7 days after transplant. In the nonheparinised group one patient died due to adenocarcinoma of the lung, another due to a cerebral head trauma secondary to an epileptic episode, and the third due to a hypoxic brain injury at 11 months after transplant. 4. Discussion Patient safety is paramount in any surgical procedure.

However, LDN is a unique situation because it exposes an otherwise healthy patient to the risks of surgery entirely for the benefit of another person. LDN has been shown to be a less minimally invasive alternative Carfilzomib compared to open donor nephrectomy [2, 3]. It has had a significant impact on living donor renal transplantation and the number of operations being performed has dramatically increased [1].