0001). Secondary patency rate for tAVF was also higher than for AVG: 57% vs 19% at five years (P < .0001). Nine percent of tAVF compared with 53% of AVG required one or more surgical and/or percutaneous revisions to maintain secondary patency (P < .0001). Multivariate analysis
revealed that utilization of a tAVF was associated with a reduced risk of primary (Hazard Ratio [HR] 0.47, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.35-0.64 P < .0001) and secondary failure (HR 0.59, 95% CI 0.42-0.81, P = .0001).
Conclusions. Transposed arteriovenous fistulas have significantly higher primary and secondary patency rates, require fewer revisions, and are less likely to develop a significant infection than AVG. This study supports the contention that as long as a patient is a candidate click here for a tAVF based on anatomic criteria, a tAVF should be considered before all AVG. (J Vasc Surg 2009;50:1405-11.)”
“Objective: We sought to directly compare the effects of type I and type 2 diabetes on postischemic neovascularization and evaluate the mechanisms underlying
differences between these groups. We tested the hypothesis that type 2 diabetic mice have a greater reduction in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression, a greater increase in oxidative stress, and reduced arteriogenesis and angiogencsis, resulting in less complete blood flow recovery than type IKK inhibitor 1 diabetic mice after induction of hind limb ischemia.
Methods. Erythromycin Hind limb
ischemia was generated by femoral artery excision in streptozotocin-treated mice (model of type I diabetes), in Lepr(db/db) mice (model of type 2 diabetes), and in control (C57BL/6) mice. Dependent variables included eNOS expression and markets of arteriogenesis, angiogenesis, and oxidative stress.
Results: Postischemia recovery of hind limb perfusion was significantly less in type 2 than in type I diabetic mice; however, neither group demonstrated a significant increase in collateral artery diameter or collateral artery angioscore in the ischemic hind limb. The capillary/myofiber ratio in the gastrocnemius muscle decreased in response to ischemia in control or type 1 diabetic mice but remained the same in type 2 diabetic mice. Gastrocnemius muscle eNOS expression was lower in type I and 2 diabetic mice than in control juice. This expression decreased after induction of ischemia in type 2 but not in type I diabetic mice. The percentage of endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) in the peripheral blood failed to increase in either diabetic group after induction,of ischemia, whereas this variable significantly increased in the control group in response to ischemia. EPC eNOS expression decreased after induction of ischemia in type 1 but not in type 2 diabetic mice. EPC nitrotyrosine accumulation increased after induction of ischemia in type 2 but not in type I diabetic mice.