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“Background Genome sequencing of diverse bacterial species has revealed widespread distribution of conserved gene products with as-yet unknown functions. Among these are a family of small proteins with approximate molecular masses of 12 kDa, which have been variously classed as “”domain of unknown function”" (DUF) 149, Pfam 2575 and COG-0718 [1]. Such genes have been identified in a wide variety of bacterial phyla, a list that includes many significant pathogens of humans, domestic animals and plants (Fig. 1).