and 893 signature sequences obtained from 30 and 48 hour time points, in addition, we removed a 43 gene signature specifically induced by the pool selleck bio of 3 KEAP1 siRNA which is highly enriched in interferon responsive genes and is most likely Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries a property of that particular pool of siRNAs. Figure 2B shows a K Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries means clustering of the resulting 1,045 sequences which met the selection criteria with 361 sequences and 684 sequences down regulated by NRF2 and KEAP1 siRNA, respectively. Lists of most highly down and up regulated genes by NRF2 siRNA at 48 hours can be found in Additional file 4. We then queried the biological processes and path ways associated with the 893 sequences using resources from GO Biological Process and Ingenuity Pathways.

Additional file 6 shows Ingenuity canonical pathway analysis of the gene set derived from anti correlated genes knocked down by NRF2 and KEAP1 siRNA, re spectively. Genes involved with the most significant Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries pathways affected by the 2 siRNA treatments are listed in Table 1. It is interesting Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries to note that several Wnt B catenin signalling pathway genes were down regulated by KEAP1 siRNA with the exception of WNT3 which was up regulated 2. 1 fold. Eotaxin 1 expression is suppressed with KEAP1 siRNA knockdown In the microarray profiling, we observed that CCL11 Eotaxin 1 a key chemokine for eosinophil recruitment to the lung, is regulated by the KEAP1 NRF2 pathway. Knockdown of KEAP1 led to a suppression of Eotaxin 1 expression, whereas knockdown of NRF2 lead to an in crease in Eotaxin 1 levels.

Regulation of Eotaxin 1 has not been previously reported in Anacetrapib gene expression profil ing studies of the NRF2 KEAP1 axis. Therefore to confirm this observation we independently transfected NHLFs with KEAP1 or NRF2 siRNA and indeed confirmed by QPCR that upon knockdown of KEAP1 base line Eotaxin 1 mRNA level was reduced approximately 80% relative to control siRNA transfection. Conversely, upon knockdown of NRF2 baseline Eotaxin 1 mRNA level was increased approximately 50% relative to con trol siRNA transfection. To determine if these changes resulted in modulation of Eotaxin 1 protein levels secreted from the NHLFs we evaluated levels of Eotaxin 1 protein in the media from these siRNA knockdown experiments.

Similar to the changes in Eotaxin 1 mRNA expression, we did find that knock down of KEAP1 thoroughly results in a significant decrease of secreted Eotaxin 1 levels from NHLFs, whereas a sig nificant increase in Eotaxin 1 release was observed with NRF2 siRNA transfection. KEAP1 knockdown specifically inhibits Eotaxin 1 in NHLFs under inflammatory conditions In addition to the role of the KEAP1 NRF2 pathway in regulating the anti oxidant response, it has also been shown that activation of NRF2 can have profound anti inflammatory effects. We thus sought to evaluate the regulation of Eotaxin 1 by KEAP1 NRF2 under in flammatory conditions. To this end, we challenged NHLFs with IL 1B to induce an inflammatory response and evaluated the secretion of